Health Law and Ehtics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Law and Ehtics - Assignment Example To facilitate and examine ethics in nursing and the health industry at large, this paper will concisely will discuss the deep origins of healthcare ethical healthy behavior. It also seeks to analyze some of the ethical issues in healthcare among them, refusal to care, beneficence, autonomy, non-male-ficence and justice (Lo, 2013). Ethical decision-making is crucial in the healthcare industry when it comes to addressing issues, conflicts and uncertainties concerning opposing values such as individual, organizational, professional and communal values. The ability to influence decisions on patient-care largely depends on the ethical guidelines provided. To avoid ethical dilemmas, there should be clearly spelt procedures and guidelines aimed at supporting ethical decision-making (Krueger & Stein, 2010). There are a number of significant challenges facing health care organizations among them rising public expectations, growing financial pressures, safety of patients, issues of quality improvement, mergers and consolidations, health care reform among others. These factors have placed healthcare firms under much stress and pressure. They have also intensified ethical concerns and conflicts. These challenges call for ethical decision-making by the parties involved (Curtin, 2011). Ethics is a very significant field to an organization’s mission as well as towards achieving the main goal. Health care executives and managers should demonstrate the significance of ethical standards in their own actions as well as looking for ways of integrating ethical practices within an organizational culture. A healthcare organization should create an ethical environment by (Krueger & Stein, 2010): The capability of an organization to realize its full potential within the market place will largely depend on knowledge, motivation, skills as well as ethical values and

Solution of Ms-95 Assignment Dec 2011 Essay Example for Free

Solution of Ms-95 Assignment Dec 2011 Essay Course Title:Research Methodology for Management Decisions Assignment Code:MS-95/SEM II /2011 Coverage:All Blocks Note : Answer all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October 2011, to the coordinator of your study center. 1. Under the circumstances stratified random sampling design is considered appropriate? How would you select such sample? Explain by means of an example. 2. â€Å"Experimental method of research is not suitable in management field. † Discuss, what are the problems in the introduction of this research design in business organisation? 3. What is the meaning of measurement in research? What difference does it make whether we measure in terms of a nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scale? 4. â€Å"Interpretation is a fundamental component of research Process†. Explain. Why so? Describe the precautions that the researcher should take while interpreting his findings. 5. Write shot notes on a) Criterion of good research. b) Dependent and Independent variable. c) Casestudy method. d) Components of a Research Problem. 1. Under the circumstances stratified random sampling design is considered appropriate? How would you select such sample? Explain by means of an example. Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that share at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum. Sufficient refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums. Stratified sampling strategies Proportionate allocation uses a sampling fraction in each of the strata that is proportional to that of the total population. If the population consists of 60% in the male stratum and 40% in the female stratum, then the relative size of the two samples (three males, two females) should reflect this proportion. Optimum allocation (or Disproportionate allocation) Each stratum is proportionate to the standard deviation of the distribution of the variable. Larger samples are taken in the strata with the greatest variability to generate the least possible sampling variance. A real-world example of using stratified sampling would be for a US political survey. If we wanted the respondents to reflect the diversity of the population of the United States, the researcher would specifically seek to include participants of various minority groups such as race or religion, based on their proportionality to the total population as mentioned above. A stratified survey could thus claim to be more representative of the US population than a survey of simple random sampling or systematic sampling. Similarly, if population density varies greatly within a region, stratified sampling will ensure that estimates can be made with equal accuracy in different parts of the region, and that comparisons of sub-regions can be made with equal statistical power. For example, in Ontario a survey taken throughout the province might use a larger sampling fraction in the less populated north, since the disparity in population between north and south is so great that a sampling fraction based on the provincial sample as a whole might result in the collection of only a handful of data from the north. Randomized stratification can also be used to improve population representativeness in a study. Advantages over other sampling methods †¢   Ã‚  focuses on important subpopulations and ignores irrelevant ones †¢   Ã‚  improves the accuracy of estimation †¢   Ã‚  efficient †¢   Ã‚  sampling equal numbers from strata varying widely in size may be used to equate the   Ã‚  statistical   power   of tests of differences between strata. Disadvantages †¢   Ã‚  can be difficult to select relevant stratification variables †¢   Ã‚  not useful when there are no homogeneous subgroups   Ã‚  can be expensive †¢   Ã‚  requires accurate information about the population, or introduces   Ã‚  bias. †¢   Ã‚  looks randomly within specific sub headings. =========================== There may often be factors which divide up the population into sub-populations (groups / strata) and we may expect the measurement of interest to vary among the di fferent sub-populations. This has to be accounted for when we select a sample from the population in order that we obtain a sample that is representative of the population. This is achieved by stratified sampling. A stratified sample is obtained by taking samples from each stratum or sub-group of a population. When we sample a population with several strata, we generally require that the proportion of each stratum in the sample should be the same as in the population. Stratified sampling techniques are generally used when the population is heterogeneous, or dissimilar, where certain homogeneous, or similar, sub-populations can be isolated (strata). Simple random sampling is most appropriate when the entire population from which the sample is taken is homogeneous.

Views on Computationalism: Clark vs. Searle :: essays research papers

Views on Computationalism: Clark vs. Searle Computationalism: the view that computation, an abstract notion of materialism lacking semantics and real-world interaction, offers an explanatory basis for human comprehension. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss and compare different views regarding computationalism, and the arguments associated with these views. The two main arguments I feel are the strongest are proposed by Andy Clark, in â€Å"Mindware: Meat Machines†, and John Searle in â€Å"Minds, Brains, and Programs.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work â€Å"Mindware: Meat Machines.† The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows: p1. The brain is constructed like a computer, since both contain parts which enable them to function. p2. The brain, like a computer, uses symbols to make calculations and perform functions. p3. The brain contains mindware similarly as a computer contains software. c. Therefore, computers are capable of being intelligent beings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I find, however, that Clark’s conclusion is false, and that the following considerations provide a convincing argument for the premises leading to this conclusion, starting with premise one: â€Å"the brain is constructed like a computer, since both contain parts which enable them to function.† This statement is plausible, yet questionable. Yes, the mind contains tissue, veins, and nerves etc. which enable it to function, the same way that a computer contains wires, chips, and gigabytes etc. which it needs to function. However, can it be possible to compare the two when humans devised these parts and the computer itself so that it can function? If both â€Å"machines†, as Clark believes, were constructed by the same being this comparison might be more credible. Clark might argue that humans were made just as computers were made so therefore it could be appropriate to categorize them together. I feel that this response would fail because it is uncertain where exactly humans were made and how, unless one relies on faith, whereas computers are constructed by humans in warehouses or factories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My second argument against Clark’s claims applies to premise two: â€Å"the brain, like a computer, uses symbols to make calculations and perform functions.† Before I state what I find is wrong with this claim, I should explain the example Clark uses to support this premise, which is from the work of Jerry Fodor:

Personal Narrative †Complications of Becoming a Woman Essay -- Person

Personal Narrative – Complications of Becoming a Woman My mother never told me the complications of becoming a woman in this world. Maybe she thought I was strong enough to figure them out on my own. Or quite possibly, she couldn't tell me, because she never really knew how to face the complications herself. She never told me how to dress a certain way in order to keep up with the latest fashions. She never told me how to wear my hair in a way that the other girls wouldn't make fun of me for. She never even told me how to apply makeup to my adolescent face. I don't think she ever knew how to put it on herself. My mother was always a simple woman. A brush of mascara, a touch of the gloss, and she was done. My mother never told me that being in love does not mean sitting by the boy of your dreams at a high school football game every Friday night. And that the boy of your dreams never really remains the boy of your dreams unless, of course, you don't know any better. How was I supposed to know? She also never said that I would fall "in love" over and over again until I met the right "one." And when I met "the one," chances are he wouldn't be it, and I would have to go through the whole process again. Mother never told me the process would take weeks, months, or even years. She never told me this would be painful. Because if I knew that falling in love would eventually hurt so much, I would have probably tried at all costs to avoid the pain. It never brought me strength, but has formed a callus around my heart. You know this story just as well as I do. I am sure it has happened to you. The characters might have different names, and the setting most likely took place somewhere else, but in the end, it's all driven by ... ...etween true love and the need to be loved. I needed to be loved. I needed to feel loved, so I stuck with him until I realized what I was doing. I had never truly loved him. He was only satisfying my need for security and hope. Once he failed to do this, our relationship could not survive. After the relationship ended, it took me a while to learn to trust again. I found it much easier to trust no one than to fail by trusting the wrong person. Over time, I realized I wasn't being fair to myself. I would have to learn to trust in order to let people back into my life. How else was I to find "the one?" My mother never told me the complications of becoming a woman in this world. She never told me that it's not necessarily important to find "the one" true love in your life. She didn't tell me about the longing, the grieving, or the pain. She didn't have to, I guess.

Unit 1 D2

Amy Holihan CACHE Level 3 Unit 1 D2 â€Å"Multi Agency working brings together practitioners from different sectors and professions to provide an integrated way of working to support children, young people and families. † (www. education. gov. uk 18. 10. 2021) Multi Agency Teams are made up of professionals who are brought into the childcare setting for a variety of different reasons.They ensure that all children, young people and families who need additional support have exactly the right professionals they need in order to support them. A Multi Agency Team could involve anyone who’s voluntary or job puts them in contact with children, young people or families. Other professionals who may work as part of a Multi-Agency Team are social workers, educational psychologists, health visitors and paediatric dieticians.They help children and young people who may be suffering from special needs, learning in difficulties or behavioural difficulties they assess these children and give them individual support and together with their families. The Multi Agency Team approach has many benefits such as there is better support for the parents and easier to meet every child and families individual needs and to address them more appropriately and children seeing professionals around then working together as a team.Communication between different services and confidentiality is crucial when working in a multi-agency team to ensure that all children and families get the support they need and their rights are never breached. â€Å"The CAF should be offered to children who have additional needs to those being met by universal services unless a child is presenting a need it is unlikely the CAF will be offered. The practitioner assesses needs by using the CAF. † (www. education. gov. uk 18. 10. 2012) The common Assessment Framework is to be used by all professionals who are in contact with children young people and their families.It is used to help practitioners i dentify a child’s need and offer them extra support before it reaches crisis point and to ensure important needs of children are not overlooked. Information is also shared between other practitioners so that parents only have to tell one professional information about their child. Parents also get to see the assessment information and get to voice their views and opinions with practitioners. Families play a big part when developing an action plan for meeting all children’s additional needs and consent must also be given by the parents.

Two NationsBook Review essays

Two NationsBook Review essays Book Review-Two Nations by Andrew Hacker In Andrew Hackers book, Two Nations, Hacker argues that blacks and whites live in two different worlds. He uses statistical evidence to prove that the United States is a nation of inequality, hostility, and separatism. Hacker uses a quote from Benjamin Disraeli in the preface that basically sums up his entire book, Two nations, between whom there is no intercourse and no sympathy; who are as ignorant of each others habits, thoughts, and feelings, as if they were dwellers in different zones, or inhabitants of different planets. This book reveals to all the real dimensions of race and how it controls lives and divides society. Hacker analyzes race in every aspect imaginable, such as politics, education, and crime. He shows how those in power use race as means of discrimination and domination. One issue Hacker addresses is Affirmative Action. I agree with his assertion that whites are afraid of it because they believe that it is enabling black America to be weak and subservient to the dictates of the society. However, Affirmative Action may be one of the few programs designed to help blacks. I also agreed with Hackers notion that society concentrates solely on black crime, but then looks away in instances of white crime. By white crime, Hacker means non-violent crimes like embezzlement and black crimes are the violent crimes like murder. Because society sees black crimes as more dangerous, they tend to ignore white crimes. As insightful as this book was, there was a great deal of things in it that I disagreed with. An issue brought up by Hacker that I disagree with is his perception that rape is a political act. Rape is an act of violence, whether white males commit it or black males or the victim is white or black. Rape is a horrible crime, politically motivated or not. ...

Class Struggle During the Revolutionary War essays

Class Struggle During the Revolutionary War essays According to Howard Zinn, during the Revolutionary war, aside from the struggle between the Loyalists and the Colonists, there was also a large class struggle between the rich and the poor, that both affected, and was affected by the war. In America during the 18th century, 90 percent of the population was poor, and only 10 percent was rich and had large land holdings. Also, there were laws in most states that required office holders to own a minimum amount of land, therefore the richest 10 percent of the population controlled the government. Poor people recognized the injustice that they were being served, and considering that they could not do anything to change the laws, they found the one thing that the rich needed them for, and attempted to use it to their advantage. The general mood was to take no part in a war that seemed to have nothing for them (Zinn, 82). The poor felt that conditions weren't going to improve for them either way, so there was no point in risking their lives for the cause. The southern lower classes resisted being mobilized for the Revolution they saw themselves under the rule of a political elite, win or lose against the British (Zinn, 82). Because the poor were, for the most part impartial to the war, the colonists tried to pull them to their side by offering them land that was confiscated from the Loyalists, in return for their assistance. However, when the poor farmers obtained the land, they found themselves changing who they owed money to, instead of changing their financial situation. Although they now owed some land, they remained poor and in debt. The new freeholders found that they had stopped being tenants, but were now mortgagees, paying back loans from banks instead of rent to landlords (Zinn, 85). When the war was over, and the federalists had won, rich colonists had defiantly succeeded in their goal. Not only were they free from taxes imposed by the K...

apocope - definition and examples of apocope in English

apocope - definition and examples of apocope in English Apocope is a  rhetorical term for the omission of one or more sounds or syllables from the end of a word. Also called end-cut, apocope is a type of elision. Etymology: From the Greek, to cut off Examples and Observations In many poor neighborhoods, the Sandinista Front has more street cred than the local youth gang.(Tim Rogers, Even Gangsters Need Their Mamas. Time magazine, Aug. 24, 2007)Season your admiration for a while with an attent ear.(William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act I, scene 2)Loss of sounds from the end of a word is known as apocope, as in the pronunciation of child as chile.(Thomas Pyles and John Algeo, The Origins and Development of the English Language. Harcourt, 1982)After he left the city, thousands of people toasted him with beer at a barbie, an Australian barbecue.(Pope in Australia, The New York Times, Dec. 1, 1986)Newspapers have their own style and it is important that your feature matches it. For instance, it would be pointless writing a feature for a staid weekly in the style of something more suitable for a lads mag.(Susan Pape and Sue Featherstone, Feature Writing: A Practical Introduction. Sage, 2000) New Words and Names Quite a few English words have resulted from apocope, among them cinema (from cinematograph) and photo (from photograph). Names often undergo apocope (e.g., Barb, Ben, Deb, Steph, Theo, Vince).(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Lost Vowels Apocope is a process that deletes word-final segments, including unstressed (reduced) vowels. In Middle English, many words, such as sweet, root, etc. were pronounced with a final [e], but by the time of modern English, these final reduced vowels had been lost. We still see signs of final reduced vowels in the archaic spelling of words like olde.(Mary Louise Edwards and Lawrence D. Shriberg, Phonology: Applications in Communicative Disorders. College-Hill Press, 1983)Oliver Sacks on His Favorite WordOne of my favorite words is apocopeI use it (for example) in A Surgeons Life: . . . the end of the word omitted by a tactful apocope (Anthropologist on Mars, Vintage, p. 94).I love its sound, its explosiveness (as do some of my Tourettic friendsfor when it becomes a four-syllable verbal tic, which can be impaired or imploded into a tenth of a second), and the fact that it compresses four vowels and four syllables into a mere seven letters.(Oliver Sacks, quoted by Lewis Burke Frumkes in F avorite Words of Famous People. Marion Street Press, 2011) Pronunciation: eh-PAHK-eh-pee

Identify any Changes in the CEO during the Past Three Years Essay

Identify any Changes in the CEO during the Past Three Years - Essay Example The auditor and his partner performed the audit services for three years in the company and their financial reporting implications are as under: I examined the audit report 2009 of the firm because this is the last year of the Mark & Co. as an auditor with its partner NA Calder. In this report they examined concise financial statement first, according to them concise financial statement has been prepared in accordance with Accounting Standards AASB 1039: Concise Financial Report, and the Corporation Act 20012. They also acknowledge that the financial report of the company and controlled entities comply with all Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and the currency presentation used in the reports is Australian dollars. Auditor and its partner report that company’s financial statements have been prepared under going concern concept, which excogitate the routine business activities and realization of assets and the settlement of obligatio ns in the normal way of business. Further, revenue for the current year is declined by 22%3 as compared to previous year due to decline in production, on-going pump issues and oil price declining trend via global uncertainty. Company wants to enhance its revenue; in this regard they formed joint ventures with Kakadu/Didgeridoo and Ash Creek for the development work and well testing to increase revenues with based on production. As per depreciation policy, Oil and gas properties, plant and equipment, other than freehold land are depreciated on a unit of production basis. The remaining assets are depreciated under the diminishing balance method. As per auditor’s findings company already spend $4,122,903 on the extensive work program with The Grieve Oil Field, the result of this work are expected by the end of the current year and the present work is unsuccessful. In this way, company has to impair this amount because financial statement doesn’t reflect any adjustment yet . In 2010 PKF appointed was the auditor with Bruce Gorden as a partner. I examined their report as well and found the following implications in their report. They examined the company’s financial statement and acknowledge that company maintained its financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standard AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements, that compliance with Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards and in accordance with Corporation Act 20014. They mentioned that group incurred a net loss $3,264,663 for the year and had net cash outflows of $2,111,538. As per their opinion group didn’t maintain its appropriate levels of funding and have a doubt about the group’s ability to continue as going concern because they are unable to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As per financial report, it didn’t include any adjustment regarding the recoverability and classification of recorded assets and liabilities. As per the auditor, it is necessary if the company does not continue as a going concern. These are the above findings have been observed due to the auditor’s changing during the year. iii. Note any non-audit services and their relative value provided by the auditor and comment on the implications for auditor-independence In 2009 the board of directors was satisfied that the provision of non audit services, which was

Discussion Questions Week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion Questions Week 2 - Essay Example Those who are transiting between jobs can be included in this category. Frictional unemployment is that unemployment caused by information or search costs. Usually when a person quits, is fired, or enters the labour market, there are jobs available for which that person is qualified. The person will be frictionally unemployed because it takes time (and effort) to find the jobs that are available. The emerging students after the completion of their studies who are searching for jobs (new entrants), and those who are seeking better jobs than the present one (Re-entrants) can be considered frictionally unemployed. Frictional unemployment results from the day-to-day changes in a dynamic, changing economic system in which old industries die and new ones are born, in which people get tired of old jobs and old bosses, in which bosses find work of subordinates unsatisfactory, and in which new people enter and others re-enter the labour force. Frictional unemployment exists because both jobs and workers are heterogeneous, and a mismatch can result between the characteristics of supply and demand. Such a mismatch can be related to skills, payment, work time, location, attitude, taste, and a multitude of other factors. The government can advice the students about the career prospects and they can guide them through proper counseling. Proper career oriented training and schooling will help the students in attaining the desired jobs. The available jobs can be notified to the job seekers using different means and at the same time the organizations that have job vacancies should be informed about the available labour force by the government. The prejudices about the jobs and the employees can be avoided through the intervention of t he government. The government can also provide incentives to the unemployed. In this case, the number of unemployed workers exceeds the number of job vacancies, so that if even all open jobs were filled, some workers

Personal Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Financial Management - Essay Example Retirement plan is nothing but a plan which replaces our employment income after we retire. In terms of tax, retirement plan is defined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) code in US. Dream of leading a secured and comfortable retired life can come true only with proper retirement planning. A plan to transfer ones estate after death is known as estate planning. Estate includes all the personal properties like cash, land, houses, jewelry, investment accounts, etc. Estate planning is done to ensure and fulfill certain objectives like transferring most of the estate to ones beneficiaries, least payment of taxes for the estate, etc. Estate planning is a continuous process and should start immediately when a person has a measurable base of assets (Gitman, Joehnk & Billingsley, 2010, p.18). Estate plans should be in accordance with ones goals and objectives in life. Loved ones can face undue financial burden due to inadequate estate planning. Four Aspects of Retirement Planning Retiremen t planning can be thought of as a framework which includes four main aspects (Prudential Financial, n.d). They are: i. Social Security: Social Security is an insurance program that provides several benefits to individuals like, retirement benefits, disability benefits, etc. ii. Employment based plans: These are retirement plans provided by employers to the employees. It includes defined contribution and benefit pension plans. iii. Personal Savings: The returns on investments made by individuals that can add up to the Social Security Benefits or Employment based plans. It includes options like IRAs, Bank Deposits, Mutual Funds, Annuities, etc. iv. Retirement Choices: For retirement security, lifestyle and financial choices play a significant role. Lifestyle choices include choice of retirement age, place of retirement, etc. Financial choices include allocation of assets in retirement, conversion of assets to income and then protecting that income. The Retirement Planning Process and Personal Retirement Plan The retirement planning process constitutes several steps. These steps are discussed one by one and how it relates with my personal retirement planning is also discussed below. The first step in a retirement planning process includes setting own personal goals and objectives in life. Next these objectives have to be arranged in descending order of priority. Also these objectives should have the time horizon included in it. These objectives can be revised and changed in due course of time. Now this step can be related to my case in the following way: My personal objectives in life arranged in decreasing order of priority with time horizon mentioned along with it are: 1. Maintain the standard of living on retirement at the age of 50 after 20 years. 2. Buying an expensive motor car within 2 years. 3. Buying a home within 5 years. 4. To make a mortgage investment within 10 years. 5. Paying off all the mortgage bonds within 20 years. The second step is about calc ulating and determining the money required for fulfilling each of the objectives. All the household incomes and expenditures are to be calculated and the difference is also to be calculated. Present value of money should be considered while doing the calculations and the annual inflation rate should also be taken into account. This can be applied in my personal retir

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Part I - Essay Example Most critical customer demands that current operators assume are cost efficiency, quality picture, long battery life and durability of the gadgets. It is in this line that Samsung Corporation introduces a new smartphone into the market to address the divergent needs of both local and international markets. Samsung Galaxy s6 is stylish, customer friendly, energy efficient and easy to operate cell phone. Although the market is flooded, most products lack precision evidenced by this product. This provides Samsung with an incredible prospect for market growth. Several of Samsung developed merchandise attract immense admiration worldwide. In this regard, Galaxy s6 will register a fast, momentous market infiltration through a firm business model. In addition, company’s diverse and strong management team, strategic and long-range planning approach shall efficiently help to execute this exciting opportunity (Mohr, Sengupta & Slater, 2010). Other notable strategies that shall improve the cell phones success encompass strong bond with customers and elaborate market research. By the close of the year, Samsung will also have achieved mergers and established strong relationships with different cell phone competitors like Apple and HTC. Samsung phones meet specific market demands. Thus, Samsung Galaxy s6 retail will be a success. The marketing stratagems of Samsung is foundational to its business realization. The marketing strategy of Samsung Galaxy shall be customized fit under the banner of One Samsung (Mohr & Slater 2010). Once Samsung generates innovative electronic appliances and equipment. The strategy encompasses conducting a market analysis to establish the high-tech needs of the customers. Then addressing the needs through effective telecommunication gadgets like the product in line (Samsung Galaxy s6) that is comparatively affordable in the market with sophisticated technological involvement. To have an advanced competitive lead, the

Management 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management 3000 - Essay Example In addition, the book is not only crucial for a manager and an aspiring manager but also to any individual willing to effectively learn important lessons crucial to their lives. The main theme of the book revolves around interpersonal skills on a broader perspective. However, I would divide the book into three, no actually four narrow categories, based on the achievement of the essential interpersonal skills to a manager. Of these four categories, the first one is the importance of self-awareness before seeking to understand others. Consequently, self-awareness is not something that you wake up one day and claim to have accomplished, something I have learned from the book. Apparently, self-awareness is an important and crucial skill that individuals need to conceptualize and acquire through a four-pronged approach. This covered the first unit and essentially the first four chapters in the book. I answered all the questions in these four chapters and I must say, although I read the chapters before answering the questions, there were instances that I found myself marking the wrong answer based on my personal biases. The second important thing I read pertains the need for individuals seeking to acquire interpersonal skills to learn how to work well with others in diversity. This unit covers the next four chapters of the book, that is, chapters five all the way to chapter eight. The questions are crucial to answering an individual’s perceptions about diversity. Thirdly, I read the other six chapters in the book based on the unit I would classify as understanding the team and its dynamics. This is essential for a manager who works with a team in their day-to-day operations, which effectively requires them to be knowledgeable of the dynamics controlling the team. Finally, the last unit I would call it the leadership unit. This is the actual unit that I would

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Product Launch Marketing Plan Part I - Essay Example Most critical customer demands that current operators assume are cost efficiency, quality picture, long battery life and durability of the gadgets. It is in this line that Samsung Corporation introduces a new smartphone into the market to address the divergent needs of both local and international markets. Samsung Galaxy s6 is stylish, customer friendly, energy efficient and easy to operate cell phone. Although the market is flooded, most products lack precision evidenced by this product. This provides Samsung with an incredible prospect for market growth. Several of Samsung developed merchandise attract immense admiration worldwide. In this regard, Galaxy s6 will register a fast, momentous market infiltration through a firm business model. In addition, company’s diverse and strong management team, strategic and long-range planning approach shall efficiently help to execute this exciting opportunity (Mohr, Sengupta & Slater, 2010). Other notable strategies that shall improve the cell phones success encompass strong bond with customers and elaborate market research. By the close of the year, Samsung will also have achieved mergers and established strong relationships with different cell phone competitors like Apple and HTC. Samsung phones meet specific market demands. Thus, Samsung Galaxy s6 retail will be a success. The marketing stratagems of Samsung is foundational to its business realization. The marketing strategy of Samsung Galaxy shall be customized fit under the banner of One Samsung (Mohr & Slater 2010). Once Samsung generates innovative electronic appliances and equipment. The strategy encompasses conducting a market analysis to establish the high-tech needs of the customers. Then addressing the needs through effective telecommunication gadgets like the product in line (Samsung Galaxy s6) that is comparatively affordable in the market with sophisticated technological involvement. To have an advanced competitive lead, the

Annual Rreport Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annual Rreport Analysis - Coursework Example More significantly, financial analysis measures the financial performance of a company as in terms of profitability and investment ratios in its operations. As a result, financial analysis of a company, through the financial ratio allows the management to carry out both firms performance and the trend analysis performance for specific years. Sources of Finance More than often, companies have to seek sources of financing requires funds to purchase fixed assets, to finance growth and expansion and to increase its working capital. Nevertheless, these sources of long-term financing are not easily accessible because they include a fixed term contract and large amounts of fund (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2011). As a result, companies opt to raise long-term capital by issuing shares to shareholders from the public. There are two types of shareholders including equity shareholders who are directly involved in company affairs and the preference shareholders who are entitled to profits before equity shareholders (Davies & Pain, 2011). In addition, companies can use long-term loans as sources of finance from financial institutions. These loans could either be from government or private financial institutions who give long-term loans at reasonable rate of interest and repayment period (Gowthorpe, 2011). More so, the companies can use debentures as there sources of finance that are issued to the public. ... Financial Analysis of TCB bank and Bank of Georgia As financial services provider institutions, both the TCB bank and Bank of Georgia seek these sources of long-term finance to increase their business lines and boost their working capital. As a result, the two companies have shareholders both equity and the preference shareholders who are entitled to profits from the company’s proceedings. In addition, the financial institutions use debentures as there sources of finance from the public who make up the creditors of the companies (Nikolai, Bazley & Jones, 2010). As other financial institutions, the two companies source out for long-term loans as sources of finance from other financial institutions within reasonable rate of interest and repayment period. In addition, the two companies have funds from their retained earnings as sources of long-term finance (Fields, 2011). 1) Profitability Ratio 2011 2010 Return on assets= Net income/ = 91,625 /2783901=0.033 49,435/2002900.5=0.025 TCB Bank Total average asset Return on assets= Net income/ = 138973/ 4182165=0.033 78043/ 4004922=0.019 Bank of Georgia Total average asset Return on equity=Net income/ = 91,625 / 423026.5 =0.217 49,435/352007.5=0.140 TCB Bank Average stockholders’ equity Return on equity=Net income/ = 138973/918677.5=0.151 78043/812,603=0.096 Bank of Georgia Average stockholders’ equity Net Profit margin= Net Income/ Sales = 91,625 /209,081=0.438 49,435/162,814=0.304 TCB Bank (TCB Bank, 2012) Net Profit margin= Net income/ Sales = 138973/360,215=0.386 78043/413673=0.189 Bank of Georgia Gross Profit margin= Gross Income/ Sales = 209,081/ 360,215=0.580 162,814/ 271,805=0.600 TCB Bank Gross

IST Implementation Essay Example for Free

IST Implementation Essay Once the system is created, it is important to test the system, this is so I can discover any faults within the system and to make sure that I have met the end user requirements The system will be tested with: normal data ( data which is the normal to test) Extreme data ( data which is exceeded test range) Erroneous data( data which is totally wrong to test) Macro testing Formula testing- formulas must be correct and linked to specific cells VLookups- must be correct and linked to specific cells the lay out of the test pan will be in table format , illustrating each test as fully as possible at this stage . the plan will include the following column heading:# test no . test criteria what is to be tested test purpose why is it been tested data what data is used to [perform the test ie. Normal extreme expected outcomes actual outcome i will produce evidence of my test results by illustrating each one with screen shots and all will be cross referenced and annotated properly this will be shown after the implementation is done . Testing User interface Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 1 Click the command button stock list To check the stock table opens The overall stock sheet should open The stock list worksheet opens 2 Click the command button customer details To check the customer details opens The overall customer details should open The customer details worksheet opens 3 Click the command button Build your own pc To check the Build your own pc opens The overall Build your own pc should open The Build your own pc worksheet opens 4 Click the command button Invoice To check the Invoice opens The overall Invoice should open The Invoice worksheet opens 5 Click the command button Exit To check the Exit worksheet opens The overall Exit worksheet should open The worksheet exits and saves as requested 6 Click the command button HELP To check the help button /Vba opens The help button should open with a message box The help button opens showing a message box Screen shots of Testing : Test number 1 The user clicks on the stock list button and the stock list worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet stock list opens and works Test number 2 The user clicks on the stock list button and the customer details worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet customer details opens and works Test number 3 The user clicks on the stock list button and the Build your own pc worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet customer details opens and works Test number 4 The user clicks on the stock list button and the invoice worksheet opens: As you can see below the worksheet invoice opens and works: Test number 5 1) the user clicks on the command button exit below is what message box appears this give us 2 options. If I dint want to exit excel is would click no and the message box that will appear is : If I clicked yes my work would get saved and it would exit my worksheet . Test number 6 The user clicks on the command button (a) help a message box should appear as shown below (a) As you can see below the help button opens . Test number 7 The user clicks on the homage button (1) and the homepage worksheet will open (2) (1)Homepage button (2) as you can see below the homepage opens once the homage navigation button has been clicked Test number 8 The user clicks on the worksheet button invoice (1)as shown below and the following will show(2) (1)user clicks the button (2) As you can see below the invoice worksheet opens Test number 9 Stock list worksheet Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 7 Click the command button home page To check the if the button goes to the home page The homepage should open The homepage worksheet should open 8 Click the command button invoice To check the Invoice opens The overall Invoice should open The Invoice worksheet opens 9 Click the command button hide grid lines To check if the gridlines disappear when clicked The grid lines should disappear The grid lines did not show on the worksheet 10 Click the command button show grid lines To check the button shows the gridlines The gridlines should show The gridlines show on the worksheet 11 Click the command button print To check the button prints the worksheet out The stockist worksheet should print out The worksheet printed out . Customer details(worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 11 12 13 14 15 Design your own pc (worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 16 17 18 19 20 Invoice(worksheet) Test number Test criteria Test purpose Expected outcome Actual outcome 21 22 23 24 25 Implementation User interface To set up my new computer system I need to use a spreadsheet software package and so I choose to use Microsoft excel. I used this software as it is simple to use for setting up and provides the most commonly used spreadsheet package . This means that the most of the people who are able to use the pc and use Excel , and I know that the employees at PC systems who will be using the system can use the software . I collected the data for the spreadsheet by contacting Pc Systems contacting office , materials and extra and for the pc parts and other information I used from the PC Systems website. How to record the macros on the user interface and all pages Firstly I used clip are as shown below to get the pictures for my user interface: Below is how I opened the clipart menu Once the clip are menu is opened I searched for the following items for the pictures to come up that I used for my interface clip art menu The following clip art images I used for my interface as shown below MACROS Once the pictures are in place I now can record the macros I need to navigate around the spreadsheet as shown below . Step 1 : Firstly I needed to click on tools then macro and then record new macro as shown below Step 2 Then I give a name for my macro .eg macro 1 then press OK Step 3 Now you will see a little play and pause button icon as shown below Step 4 Now I have to select the destination of the macro as you can see at the bottom of the worksheets there are named worksheets eg when I made the customer details macro I will do the following as shown below. Once customer details has been selected I then clicked stop on the macro button as shown below . Step 5 once I had clicked stop I then clicked on the picture which was relevant to customer details as shown below then right click on the picture and select assign macro as shown here Step 6 Then once it has opened now I will select the macro I have just made to link it with the button as show below Once macro 1 is found then click OK and the macro works and it links to the customer worksheet. I did this to all my macros which are link on the user inter face as shown below I used the same method on all 4 of them. I also have navigation buttons on the other worksheets to return to the user interface so the user can move around my spreadsheet quick and efficiently. VBA code : Vba code is useful for producing message boxes , and are easy to do as shown below and again they are linked to my picture Help I opened vba up as by pressing ALT, F11 together and this screen should appear: (1) (2) entering the code as shown below into vba . I have included the following message for the user so if they have problems with the software or with any formulas or buttons they can contact the helpline so I can help them and guide them in the write direction . Now right click on the picture as I said before and assign macro and then choose helpline and once it is done the outcome is Now I am going to make an exit button using vba so the user can exit excel immediately and saving there work at the same time .using this button below .this method is used again by right clicking on the picture and assigning the macro as shown below : Then open up VBA as shown above. Now enter the code as shown below Once this coded is entered I linked it with my button as shown in the other example and the out come should be as shown below ..first click on the exit icon then this message box will appear If no then If yes then application quits successfully. Named ranges Once I have entered the stock information into my spreadsheet I need to name the ranges to use them in a v look up .to make it easier for the use to make calculations and search for the criteria needed to run the system correctly Step 1 I highlighted customer details as shown below Then I named the highlighted items customerddd as shown below using the toolbar as shown below :then I pressed enter so that it confirms that the name has been changed and is saved . I used this method to name all of my ranges and named them appropriately. To show all of the named ranges I did the following InserName define Then this toolbox opens showing all the named ranges and the formulas in the specific range as shown below . here you can add names and delete them . V-look ups Combo boxes A combo box sometimes called a drop down box is a list of items from which you can choose one item of data.To open the combo box menu I needed to right click on the mouse and select forms as shown below : Once I have clicked on the forms the menu below opened : As shown above I then selected the combo box item, then I drew the combo box in the correct column to make it look professional as shown below . Once I drew the combo boxes they need to be linked to a Vlookup and I need to format the control to link with the specific sell eg, product number as shown below(2) (1) (2) First I had to right click on the combo box and select the format control as shown below Spinners A spinner button enables you to increase or decrease the value of a number in a cell by clicking the control. firstly I right clicked on the excel tool bar and selected forms as shown below . Then I selected the spinner from this menu choice as shown below . Then I drew the spinner on my spreadsheet as shown below : Then I needed to format the spinner to a specific cell to make calculations as shown below .i firstly right clicked on the spinner and the menu below appeared I then selected format control as shown below and the following message box appeared . Evaluation In my evaluation I will first of all consider each of the end user requirements stated in the specification in turn and my objectives , and evaluate the success of below are my general objectives Start up screen and Homepage buttons and links to all the pages back and forth . I have met this objective as My spreadsheet has a start up screen and various buttons which were requested by the user so the user can move around the spreadsheet efficiently and are able to open and close worksheets also there are 2 other buttons which I used vb code so if the user gets stuck or damages the spreadsheet they contact the help line also there is a save and exit button which will make a back up of the work for future reference and a print button eg. For the output of the invoice as needed which will save a lot of time compared to the old system where everything is done by paper and when a record needs to be found it took a long time and even got lost on the other hand the spreadsheet saves records and time and is much more reliable and efficient compared to the old system Various work sheets such as , hardware sheet ,invoice sheet etc I have met this objective as there are 4 separate work sheets to separate the collection of data (stock) and the output(invoice) 4 separate sheets helps the user move around the interface smoothly as he can open and close the preferred work sheet as needed Automatically store customer details and what they have bought. Once item is bought it is taken away from the stock. Protect the work sheet so no formulas can be altered by the user . Use formulas to calculate total cost and vat etc Labels to help the customer when moving on to a button option boxes to let the user choose the best product eg memory for them Limitations In the system there are various limitations I have recognised. In one of my validations it wasnt accurate as when I typed in incorrect data the error message wasnt displayed . this would then create inaccurate data as the user wouldnt be aware of there mistakes Improvements In the system there are various improvements that can be made to improve the overall system Also to improve my system I would create a separate spreadsheet that contains each customers details of the products they have previously bought and what they have ordered so the end user knows what the existing customers have bought so the user can deciide to give discount for spending so much money etc valuable customer. End user comments I arranged a meeting with mr Anderson who will be using the system to see how he feels about It and helps reduce work load that he originally had to do . I first of all gave the end user a couple of days to familiarise to the new system Here are the end user comments : * The deign is practical and doesnt irate the eyes the colour is restful and doesnt distract the users attention . * Navigation is easy , as is adding and deleting information * Alternating through the worksheets are very easy * The out out of the system (the invoice) are very organise and very consistant * The macros , formulas and v look ups help reduce lots of manual imput which saves time . * There are few errors made as validation used on different data helps keep data accurate and up to date My overall comments I think my design is reliable and easy to use , there are only a few things that I can change and they are mentioned in my improvements , I think I have reduced massed amounts of user input compared to the paper work what they had to do before which took allot of time and effort , also the system looks professional and is very efficient and is very user friendly. User guide Contents page Description Page Introduction / Installing / Opening the system Functions of the user interface Customer sheet Entering customer details Deleting customer details Introduction Welcome to the Invoicing System. This system has been created so that you can create an invoice in a seconds compared to the paper work that you used to do. Installation The system works directly off the USB memory stick, or alternatively you can copy it to the computer and run it from your computer. Simply press ctrl c on the Invoicing System file, and then press ctrl v in on the hardrive or in my documents on your computer Opening the spreadsheet system * Insert the USB stick . * Next, click on My Computer * Next, open the memory stick (a). If the logo is not there then wait for a couple of minutes as computer may be trying to detect the key or press F5 to refresh the page to help the computer detect the inputted device . then click on the invoice system (b) and open the file (A) (b) Once the system has been opened the following pop up will appear about the security of the spreadsheet on the screen as shown below If this is presented then simply click on Enable Macros. This will activate the buttons in your spreadsheet . but if you click disable the spreadsheet will open but the macro buttons will not work which will effect the spreadsheets efficiency (C)The screen below will be presented once the spreadsheet has opened below : User interface The user interface is the heart of the system which allows you to access the invoice system, and to access the stock list and access the customers list and allow users to choose what they would like to buy. To do this, simply click on the buttons at the top of the screen. These buttons are on all sheets, in the same place and with the same names, they will all open their appropriate areas when you click on them and do the tasks the same . Customers To enter the customers details into the system, you will first need to select the button from any area. This will open up the customers sheet which should look something like the one below.

True and something believed to be true

True and something believed to be true In the gospel of John in the New Testament (18:28-40), Jesus is brought before Pontius Pilate, a Roman governor. Pilate, who is a sensible and experienced man, is perplexed as to what Jesus has done to warrant a meeting with him. After a short exchange between the two men, we begin to see truth in two different ways. On the one hand, Jesus has a very firm idea (18:37): You are right in saying I am a king. For this reason I was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me. To which Pilate merely replies: What is truth? as if to say, You think truth exists independently of everyone as a standard by which we can judge our beliefs?[1] The question, what is truth, is central to everyday life and the ways of knowing help us begin to answer it. When you know something, you are certain about it and have no doubts regarding the matter; when you believe something, you merely think it is true and are not completely certain about it. There are many things that people assume are true but a quick look at specific ways of knowing might prove otherwise. The ways of knowing-language, perception, reason and emotion-serve to distinguish the truth and remind people that some claims arent meant to be taken at face value. There are many types of perception. Nave realism is a view of perception that asserts that we directly perceive the world as it is. Objects are simplified; the way that things smell, look, taste, sound and feel is how they smell, look, taste, sound and feel. We hear a sound when a tree falls because the tree made a sound when it fell. Though, reasonably, there is a lot more to perception. For example, Though thing s may appear to be colored to us, our experiences of color are merely representative of the surface properties of objects[2]; the physical property of reflecting certain wavelengths of light and the actual color as we experience it are two different things.[3] This eventually leads to the idea of representative realism, which suggests that perception is not as simple and passive of a process that the naive realism is. Representative realism follows the idea that we simply are not able to obtain enough information about our surroundings with our senses. Instead, it involves the person; we supply most of the content of our experience.[4] For example, to most people touching a table means that contact had been made. But this perception is a mistaken one; science refutes that claim and states that when someone touches a table, no physical contact had taken place. According to physics, the table is made up of millions and millions of atoms and it is in their nature that when coming into contact with another atom, they repel each other. So when a hand, also made up of millions of atoms, comes into contact with a table, the atoms repel each other and scientifically, the hand touched nothing. Our sense of perception allows us to take the claim of touching the table to be a true claim and there is little or no doubt regarding it. But after studying the ways of knowing that involves perception, it has been ascertained that it has several weaknesses and learning about them helps us re-evaluate what we considered to be true. Language is a matter of syntax, in this case, representation of meaning. When communicating, the first step is to encode meaning in syntax and then convert it back into something significant. Thus language is the medium of communication. But not everything can be expressed in language, though it is a dynamic part of peoples lives language changes. Words go out of fashion, they start to mean different things and people invent words and different ways of stringing them together. So things that might have been one thing during a certain period of time might not be the same now, and since knowledge also differs with every language, something that is considered to be the truth in one language may not be in another. The quest for knowledge and truth is limited by our language and its ability to control what we can and cannot know.[5] Language is ubiquitous and something that surrounds us so completely that we rarely are consciously aware of it. Language is relevant to the theory of knowledge because it is the primary way we acquire knowledge about our surroundings. But truth sometimes becomes ambiguous due to the variety of interpretations of language. For example, the U.S government has been accused of approving the usage torture such as water-boarding on extrajudicial prisoners by the CIA. The government denied it as torture and instead claimed that it is an enhanced interrogation technique. The truth remains ambiguous in this case , is it really a severe technique of interrogation or is it torture? Water-boarding is classified as torture but the government manipulated the words used to describe the action to blur the truth of the matter. Language can be misinterpreted because what one person means when they have said something may not be what another person understands. If a person sometimes does not understand the implied meanings of certain words, they can be misled to believe that it is something else, leading to misunderstandings. Meaning is an integral part of language; to discover the truth, one must first try to understand what is meant by this sentence before the decision of whether this sentence is true or not can be made. Emotion sometimes makes it harder for us to differentiate between what it true and what is believed true. Strong emotion distorts the other ways of knowledge.[6] Emotion influences the way we think and many of our intuitions are based on gut feelings, so when it is linked with find ing the truth, it can be described as a sixth sense, or having a feeling, we do not know that there is truth in what we believe, we just feel it.[7] Feelings cannot be trusted all of the time because we do not know whether or not they are indicating the truth. Because emotions affect the way we perceive, perhaps finding the truth based on emotions isnt the best way to start, it does one thing. It allows belief to bloom. Peoples strong beliefs considering some matter is able to power their notions that what they believe is in fact the truth, and even though it may not be, it is the truth to them. A definition of knowing could be the awareness of the truth of something; for instance a belief or faith in something; which is regarded as truth beyond any doubt.[8] To reason means to let logic take the reins of trying to find the truth. People are able to use past experiences to work out what has happened in situations. Rationalists believe that reason is the most important way to find kn owledge. The central principle of rationalism is that we can discover important truths about reality through the use of reason alone.[9] Cogito ergo sum, a famous saying by a famous rationalist Renà © Descartes, was used as the foundation to build a rational system of philosophy. The two ways of reasoning are deductive and inductive. Deductive reasoning allows a person to work from a general case to a more specific instance whereas inductive reasoning is reasoning from a specific case or cases to a general rule. Deductive reasoning uses a general claim to classify something. So it can sometimes be unreasonable to come to a conclusion and simply claim it as the truth without being more thorough about the matter. For instance, the premise all humans are mortal is true, and we know that Socrates is human, so we are able to come to the conclusion that Socrates is, indeed, mortal. Another example uses another premise, everyone who drives at 90 mph is breaking the law, and we know that P aul is breaking the law, so do we come to the conclusion that Paul is driving at 90 mph?[10] No, it is important to remember that when coming to such a conclusion, that it can be a conclusion of an invalid argument. Inductive reasoning goes beyond the immediate evidence of our sense, so we cannot always trust it to be truth.[11] People have a tendency to generalize too fast and jump to wrong conclusions, a result of faulty and unjustified reasoning. Confirmation bias makes these generalizations even worse as people tend to only remember the facts that support what they believe and leave out anything that goes against what they have believe to be the truth. Truth is hard to find when reason and logic are clouded with prejudice. There is a huge difference between knowing something is true and believing that it is true. The various ways of knowing have many drawbacks and may lead one to believe something is true when it isnt. Understanding these shortcomings can only help us recognize that claims of knowledge cannot be taken at face value. Bibliography Goleman, Daniel. Know Thyself, Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books, 2005. Print. Holt , Tim. Theories of Perception. Theory of Knowledge. 2006. theoryof knowledge.info, Web. 10 Jan 2010. . Orwell, George. Politics and the English Language, Norton Reader. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 6th ed., 1984. Print. Sacks, Oliver, The Case of the Colorblind Painter, An Anthropologist on Mars. New York: Knopf, 1995. Print. Southwell, Gareth. Knowledge. Theory of Knowledge. 2006. Philosophy Online, Web. 09 Jan 2010. . Trochim, William. Deduction and Induction. Research Methods: Knowledge Base. 20 Oct 2006. Social Research Methods, Web. 10 Jan 2010. . Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print. Van Dyke, Frances. Venn Diagrams and Logic. Illumination; Resources. 2010. thinkinfinity.org, Web. 09 Jan 2010. . Whiteley, C.H.. Physical Objects as Not Reducible to Perceptions, in Klemke, E.D., A. David Kline, Robert Hollinger, eds. Philosophy: The Basic Issues. New York: St. Martins Press, 1982. Print. [1] Southwell, Gareth. Knowledge. Theory of Knowledge. 2006. Philosophy Online, Web. 09 Jan 2010. . [2] Whiteley, C.H.. Physical Objects as Not Reducible to Perceptions, in Klemke, E.D., A. David Kline, Robert Hollinger, eds. Philosophy: The Basic Issues. New York: St. Martins Press, 1982. 90. Print. [3] Holt , Tim. Theories of Perception. Theory of Knowledge. 2006. theoryof knowledge.info, Web. 10 Jan 2010. . [4] Sacks, Oliver, The Case of the Colorblind Painter, An Anthropologist on Mars. New York: Knopf, 1995. 32. Print. [5] Orwell, George. Politics and the English Language, Norton Reader. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 6th ed., 1984. 392. Print. [6] Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 146. Print. [7] Goleman, Daniel. Know Thyself, Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books, 2005. 50. Print. [8] Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 160. Print. [9] Ibid, 143. [10] Van Dyke, Frances. Venn Diagrams and Logic. Illumination; Resources. 2010. thinkinfinity.org, Web. 09 Jan 2010. . [11] Trochim, William. Deduction and Induction. Research Methods: Knowledge Base. 20 Oct 2006. Social Research Methods, Web. 10 Jan 2010. .

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After watching To Kill A Mockingbird, the characters I see the author trying to teach me through is Atticus Finch, Scout and Jem, and Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin, Atticus Finch has experienced and understood evil throughout his life. He has been confronted with prejudice and racism, but has not lost his faith in the human capacity for goodness. Atticus understands from his own experiences and reflection that most people have both good and bad qualities. Also, through Atticus, the important thing in life is to appreciate the good qualities and understand the bad qualities by treating others with sympathy and trying to see life from their perspective. He tries to teach this ultimate moral lesson to Jem and Scout to show them that it is possible to live with conscience without losing hope or becoming cynical. For example, in this way, Atticus is able to admire Mrs. Dubose’s courage even while deploring her prejudice. In much the same way, Scout’s progress as a character is defined by her gradual development toward understanding the lessons Atticus Finch tries to teach her when Scout at last sees Boo Rad ley as a human being. Her newfound ability to view the world from his perspective ensures that she will not become jaded as she loses her innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, I believe the most inspirational and in depth character in this movie was Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch. From beginning to end, she learns to control her temper, to back away from fights, and to respect Calpurnia. She really learns her value to the family. Scout is also able to maintain her basic faith in human nature despite the shock and unfairness of Tom Robinson’s courtroom conviction. However, Jem’s faith in truth, justice and humanity is very badly damaged. He does not understand why all of this is happening. Prejudice and racism does not make any sense to Jem. Initially, Scout and Jem assume that all people are good by nature and tolerant of others. It is not until they see things from a more realistic adult perspective that they are able to confront evil, as well as prejudice, and incorporate it into their understanding of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, Arthur â€Å"Boo† Radley has for decades been maliciously slandered in the county. The people that have done so do not know Boo and the reason they can make such judgments escapes me. When there was a series of pets being mysteriously slaughtered, the consensus was that it was performed by Boo.

Ferdinand Prosche: Life And Achievements Of A Pioneer :: essays research papers

Ferdinand Prosche: Life And Achievements of A Pioneer German engineer Ferdinand Porsche is certainly one of the most important figures - if not the most imporant and influent-in the history of automobile making. This outstanding Teuton was born on September 3rd, 1875 in Mafferdorf, Germany. One of the most remarkable accomplishments of his carrer was that his work was not limited to one factory, but instead he worked in many of the most renowned car-making factories of the time. His life as an engineer started early, at the age of 22, when he designed an electric engine. In 1900 he was hired by a carmaker of the time, Lohner. He installed one of his engines on a Lohner and showed it in the Paris World Fair. The car was the show-stopper of the event, and later obtained positive results in several races. Other less important events happened between 1900 and 1923, when he was hired by the most important carmaker of the time, Daimler Motoren A.G. (Which in 1926 would join Benz to form Daimler-Benz A.G.) During this time, first with Daimler and then with Daimler-Benz, he became member of the board of directors, and designed the famed S (Sportlich) and SS (Super Sportlich). Prizes and university degrees did not take long to appear, and in the same year he joined Daimler, 1923, he was named Sir Ferdinand Porsche by the Italian government and recieved an Honoris Causa from the Stuttgart Technical Institute. Porsche worked in the design of Mercedes-Benz cars until 1928, when he left because of disagreements the other other chief engineer of the factory, Hans Nibel. But his last development in the factory was probably one of the most important: The curious, exotic and fast SSKL. After Porsche left Mercedes, he was soon hired to design the now extint Austria cars, and later joined another very important German auto maker, Auto Union. In this factory he designed the famous and complex 16-cylinder race cars. While working in Auto Union, he formed with his son "Ferry" an independent factory that had their last name, Porsche, as name. Ferry worked as design head. In another example of versatility and excellence, he won the contract for building the Volkswagen, a car that, according to the beliefs of Adolf Hitler, was going to put every German citizen on wheels. And it did. With help form the Nazi government, he started building the Volkswagen plant. Finally, the car hit showrooms on 1939, but the war postponed it's full production until 1945.The Volkswagen became more then a car, it became a symbol of easy, reliable

Causes of Happiness

Happiness is an emotional or affective state that can be individual or shared with other people. Each person has own definition of happiness. For example, some people think that happiness comes from having a lot of money, and some think that happiness can come from simple things such having a friend.Happiness can affect your health, the people around you, and it can make you have a positive life. There are three causes of happiness such as being successful, eating chocolate, and being optimistic. The first cause of happiness is being successful.Successful life can lead to happiness. For instance, if you are a successful student, you are going to be happy. That is because you are going to feel accomplished which is one of the reasons that lead to happiness. Being successful could also mean having good relationships with other. In other words, if you show good manners everywhere you go, you will make people like to have a friendship with you. As a result, you are going to have a relati onship with your friends, and friends can be one of the reasons that lead to happiness. The second cause of happiness is eating chocolate.Eating chocolate can make you be happy. For instance, researcher have found that chocolate has the property of increasing levels of some hormones. These hormones can cause feelings of happiness and well being.Also, the researchers found that eating 40 grams of dark chocolate every day for two weeks can reduce the stress. In other words, the levels of stress hormones will be reduced which can make you feel happy. The third cause of happiness is being optimistic. Optimism is one of the reasons that lead to happiness. Optimism is a hopefulness and confidence that things will work out.Also, it can help us to move from the past and not fear the future. If you are a pessimist, you are going to think that things will not work out. As a result, the pessimist can lead to less happiness and make you have sadness in your life.In conclusion, it seems that we have three causes of happiness such being optimistic, eating chocolate and being successful. Happiness is very important to our life because it can make our life meaningful. It can affect our life and the people around us, so people have to be happy and optimistic in order to have a comfortable life.

Marketing Skin Care Product Essay

Marketing Project Have you ever gone to the store to purchase a skin care product to help prevent acne and make your skin beautiful; all you find are products aimed towards older women stating something to do with wrinkles? I don’t know about you, but I’m too young to even think about wrinkles at this point in my life. I just wanted something to make my skin look and feel good but at the same time help prevent break outs. The solution is â€Å"Glow†. The name says it all. It will give you radiant, clear skin. â€Å"Glow† skin cream is not a need, it’s a want. Therefore, we must stand out above the many other products on the shelves. Our target audience is teenagers through early thirty year old, middle class women who are looking for radiant, clear skin at an affordable price. The best way to market to these women is through the internet and magazines. Glow skin cream is different than other skin creams on the market for many reasons: After just one week of use your skin will look and feel healthier, more radiant, it provides light-weight coverage, hydrates and smoothens skin, visibly reduces redness, conceals flaws, it’s infused with minerals and antioxidants, and has SPF 15 protection all in one bottle. Some beauty products have enough chemicals to clean a toilet! â€Å"Glow† skin cream is all natural and helps your skin to look its best. â€Å"Glow† is targeted to attract teenagers to early thirty-year old females. Let’s face it; teens won’t be purchasing this product on their own; parents will love the cost. The product is affordable enough that they will be  repeat buyers. If ordered online a discount will be given to buyers who purchase more than two at a time. According to the woman we surveyed they were happy with the way the product works as well as the reasonable price. â€Å"Glow† is available for all skin types and nationalities. Different woman require different needs depending on their skin type, their geographic location, and nationality. A woman located in Florida tends to need a product that protects against sun damage, where a woman located in Denver would need something to help with dry skin; â€Å"Glow† has different products featured towards these skin types. Packaging is aimed towards a younger crowd as well; hot pink with gold lettering. It’s attractive and girly; young and fun looking, but also has a touch of elegance. It will stand out on the shelf or online. It won’t be an eye sore, but it will grab your attention as you check out the shelf for a product. Teens these days are on social media sites all throughout the day. When they wake up in the morning they log in to Facebook; as if it’s the morning paper. I would advertise on this site; as well as many others. Twitter and YouTube, just to name a couple are great for targeting a certain market. Each site gives you options on whom you’d like these ads to pop up for based on the users demographics entered when they created their accounts. Google also offers an option similar to this. If a person were to enter in their search certain key words then your ad would be on the side of the page results. You choose the keywords that go along with your ad. For example, if someone were to search: face, cream, or skin care; then our ad for â€Å"Glow† would show up on the side of the search results. The Internet is a great resource to take advantage of for advertising. Most people are on the internet at least one time a day; as long as the ad is catchy, it will get someoneâ⠂¬â„¢s attention. Another great place to advertise to the twenty to thirty year old woman would be magazines, such as Cosmopolitan. For a fee you are able to get product ads located throughout the magazine, I would utilize this option and put a coupon on the ad to get the product at a discounted price. Overall, I believe if we market the product correctly; packaging, prices, and attract the correct consumers â€Å"Glow† will be very successful in the  tough skin cream market. All three of these are key focuses in having a successful product. References [Facebook Advertising]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/advertising/ [Google Advertising]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.google.com/ads/adwords2/ [Twitter Advertising]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://business.twitter.com/start-advertising [YouTube Advertising]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/yt/advertise/

Business environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business environment - Research Paper Example Under these marketing conditions, a 'Dominant Strategy' is a course of action which would be followed in response to any course of action taken by the other player. 3. Hiphop or Garries will earn a profit of 6,400 if the other one charge a priced 11 per piece and whoever charges 11 will get a margin of 1,800 because in that situation the other player will charge 10 and sell more units. Collusion between parties occurs when they act in common interest and trust each other. The best example for Collusion is the OPEC where the petroleum prices are fixed in consultation with all the member countries to the maximum advantage of the countries concerned. In collusion there will be an interaction between the players who want to maximize their earnings. By colluding the players divide the total market among themselves and by charging the same price they also share the profits that the business offers. There are still first mover advantages, such as the chance to gain early market share, but without the backing of the right customers and constant innovation, it's always possible to loose the advantages. The advantages that the first entrant gets may not be available to the second one. When both the companies Burger Binge and McDennys want t... Observation on Collusion from the Matrix: From the pay off matrix drawn the following observation is made for collusion: 1. when both Hiphop and Garries charge same price of 11 each one make a profit of 4,500 2. It may be observed this profit of 4,500 is in excess by 500 than what they made while they were selling 10 per piece This is the result of the agreement between both the players to sell the product at 11 and that is the effect of the retailer's collusion. EXPLANATION FOR FIRST MOVER ADVANTAGE: "First Mover Advantage is a notion that being first in a market place gives the first mover an insuperable competitive edge." - David M Katz There are still first mover advantages, such as the chance to gain early market share, but without the backing of the right customers and constant innovation, it's always possible to loose the advantages. The advantages that the first entrant gets may not be available to the second one. I have made the pay off matrix for companies Burger Binge and McDennys with the help of the data provided. Burger Binge McDennys Begin Operation Stay Away Begin Operation - 100,000 - 100,000 0 250,000 Stay Away 250,000 0 0 0 Observation: When both the companies Burger Binge and McDennys want to operate their business it is not possible for both of them to earn any profit. This is what is observed from the matrix. Alternatively if one decides to stay away from the business the other one can earn a profit of 250,000. For example if Burger Binge does the business and McDennys do not enter the market then Burger Binge gets the first mover advantage and earns 250,000. PART B PORTERS FIVE

The aim of this assignment is to critically review and compare two Essay

The aim of this assignment is to critically review and compare two academic papers that present different perspectives on cultural geographies of nature - Essay Example For instance, it comprises of the earth’s geology and weather, energy and matter and other natural concepts in the world. In most cases, nature is taken to mean, the wilderness or natural environment. In this case, it comprises of beaches, forests animals, rocks and generally, the many things that have remained unchanged though human activities. These things also do not change despite the increased dynamism in human activities from one part of the world to another. It is important to note that human interactions and various manufactured objects are not usually considered as part of nature. These activities can only be grouped as part of nature if only they are qualified, for instance, human nature. This paper makes a comparison of how cultural geographies of nature have been explored by two research articles that have been made by people concerned about cultural management of geographical aspects. The paper examines the concepts of Spatialization of nature, according to how these two journals have explored its application. Additionally, it also makes a comparison of how relationships between nature and culture have been done in the two journals, as well as how time has also been explored. Spatialization of nature comprises of the effective combinations of various scientific and visual techniques having spatial metaphors in representing data, which cannot be described as being spatial according to nature. Some of the most familiar spatial ideas like direction and distance, arrangement and scale among others make up some of the experiences that people have in their daily lives. Bhatti & Church (2004), in their research article, explain that these ideas are used in many instances to develop two and three-dimensional representations of various complex digital information (38). Castree is also of the view that so far, no subject testing has been conducted in the process of determining the effectiveness of these methods for the

Being an Effective Instructional Designer Essay - 4

Being an Effective Instructional Designer - Essay Example Competency in the field of instructional design depends on the ability to provide effective implementation of instructional products and programs. It is considered as an important competency. According to Richey Fields, Instructional designer need to use evaluation data as a guide for revision of products and programs. It is important for them to ensure that their products are programs are updated as and when needed. They also should ensure that the instructional products and programs are revised and changed according to changing policies and the need of the time. (10 Qualities of the Ideal Instructional Designer) There are various things that an effective instructional designer needs to consider. According to Covey, an instructional designer needs to be pro-active. Pro-activity is considered as the ability to adapt to changing situations through one’s own choices. It’s about solving solutions instead of waiting for others to solve the problems. Instructional designers should be proactive especially when in the business field. They need to be pro-active and observe business trends and build health relations. They need to be proactive and make sure that instead of waiting for clients to come down with requests, they should keep up with their business well enough to anticipate their needs. The next most important part of an instructional designer’s job is emphasis on performance analysis. It is considered as the single most important competency for success in this field. Thus conducting first-rate performance analysis is a very important aspect of this field. In a lot of cases, managers will be pressurized to take a shortcut to direct action. However this strategy should be discouraged and an action should follow an analysis. Thus the lesson here is to ensure that the customers are given what they need instead of what the instructional designer perceives that they need. Instructional designers need to ensure that they have the end mapped in t heir mind before they begin. Thus it is important for instructional designers to pursue clear-cut rules and understand the business goals that need to be accomplished. They should know what exactly do the clients expect in the end? Where does the organization stand today and how far have they reached? The objectives and development work should follow the mission set before them. As mentioned in the aforementioned paragraphs, it is important to do performance analysis by instructional designers. It is even more important to do this performance analysis creatively for them. It is often observed that the model for performance analysis used by writers tends to be very simple and does not highlight the complexity associated with human performance problems. The point of emphasis here is that one should think out of outbox. One should think in terms of the the competencies that the client needs to possess for the instructional design to be used successfully? Should the routine performance appraisals and job descriptions be followed or should other means of feedback be pursued? One should be willing to pursue why? (William J. Rothwell, 2008) The next point of emphasis for instructional design field is the need to educate managers about performance analysis.  

The Peloponnesian War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Peloponnesian War - Essay Example Eventually these two city-states became two power centers of Greece and indulged into a battle of supremacy against each other. This war between Athens and Sparta was known as the Peloponnesian war. The importance of the present study lies in the fact that as one of the ancient modern civilizations; studying the history of Greece has always been a privilege. Furthermore the Peloponnesian war was one of the very first kinds of civil war that led to massive alterations in nature of politics in Greece. The Peloponnesian war eventually led to the alteration of leadership of Greece, replacing Athens with Sparta as the most powerful Greek city-state. The background of the Peloponnesian war was a culmination of events that hovered around jealousy, insecurity and hunger for power. During the Greco-Persian war Athens and Sparta fought side by side. In the initial stages of the war role of Sparta was much more prominent (480 BC to 479 BC) than that of Athens and Sparta became the leader of the Hellenic League. (Fine, 332) Sparta was mainly a land-based power depending on its infantry for military success. (Thucydides, Hammond and Rhodes; IX) It was never that powerful in terms of naval power. While powerful Spartan infantry was more than sufficient to lead the Hellenic League against Persians on land and to drive them away from Greek soil, it was impossible for them to maintain the success in Persian territories of Asia and Aegean. A naval leadership soon became inevitable for such campaign against Persia in Asia and Aegean and in such circumstances Athens that was primarily a naval power came in the forefront (478 BC). This event m arked the initiation of rise of Athens as the prime Greek city-state ahead of Sparta. Again according to some scholars the Hellenic League at this point was subdivided in two parts. The Naval wing of Hellenic League became Delian League and it was headed by Athens. The land wing of Hellenic League went under Sparta and became known

TAX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

TAX - Essay Example The code of ethics is developed by a professional body such as the ICAEW and often, it is monitored and enforced by the body especially where governmental regulations are of little or no effect. Members are, therefore, to follow the code in order to be in good standing with the institution or organization. Ethics is concerned with operations of the organization; thus to handle client relationships, a code of conduct is required in an institution. The code of conduct refers to a practical document of set standards and principles that govern client relationships with staff members in the organization. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) defines a professional code of conduct that accountants are supposed to follow. It is applicable to everyone affiliated to ICAEW, i.e. students, staff members and employees of member firms in professional and business activities. According to the CISI code of conduct, members are required to demonstrate high standards of professional conduct and take into consideration the interests of the general public. Ethical behaviour is essential in gaining public trust in financial reporting and business practice hence to uphold ones accountancy reputation ICAEW outline the principles under which the accountants should operate. Similarly, the Charted Institute of Security Investment (CISI) has a code of conduct that aims at boosting banking finance integrity through raising professional standards of the financial services offered. According to CISI, an essential component of professionalism is integrity that is the effective recipe of knowledge skills and behaviour. In essence, both the ICAEW code of ethics and the CISI code of conduct are concerned with professionalism For CISI, the professionals who operate in the securities and investment industry are obligated to the

The experiment safe Essay Example for Free

The experiment safe Essay In every day lives we come across a number of different objects that are bouncing, colliding and in motion. All these are attributable to the energy changes involved in the process thus obeying the law of conservation of energy. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed and that the sum total of energy in this universe remains constant. This scientific method of looking at energy changes can be associated and implemented on a variety of simple things and one among them being observation of bouncing objects. This motivation has lead me to investigate, understand and analyse bouncing of a ball on a surface. However, understanding the bouncing mechanism is not as simple as it appears, because there are several factors involved during the bouncing action. For example, the material of the ball, the type and nature of surface over which it freely falls, frictional factors due to air resistance, temperature affecting the surrounding air molecules as well as during the ball-surface interactions. Preliminary Investigation Looking around practically made me notice a variety of different types and sizes of balls. There were golf balls, tennis balls, footballs, sponge balls, cricket balls, bouncy balls, etc. I observed them carefully and noticed that none were similar in any way. The cricket balls were the only ones made out of leather, the bouncy balls were made out of dense rubber, and the golf balls were made of plastic. I tried to test the bounce of these balls on different surfaces like carpeted flooring and wooden flooring. I found that each ball when dropped on these flooring was bouncing to different heights. I felt that each of these balls when dropped on a given flooring surface had different factors that influenced their bounce. Also I noticed that the ball being dropped constantly bounced almost at the same height. This made me feel that I could use this as my chosen experiment for further investigations. As mentioned earlier, the bouncing of balls may look simple, but the energy conversions are quite complex. In simple terms, the work done during a bouncing ball system involves three possible energy sources, 1) Gravitational potential energy (energy due to its position) 2) Kinetic energy (energy due to its motion) 3) frictional energy (lost due to production of heat and sound). The ball acquires Gravitational Potential Energy because of its position and also the ball is working against the gravity to acquire this position. Kinetic energy is gained during the motion of the ball. The frictional energy is lost due to the production of heat and sound. In fact, the conversion of the potential energy results in the kinetic energy of motion until the bounce is over and this potential energy is regained as ball acquires the next position or height. However, on each bounce over a given surface energy of impact is transferred to the surface on which it bounces. Also energy is used up in over coming the air resistance. The energy of impact can be split into sound energy, heat energy or light energy (spark) in the case of very heavy balls (for ex. Iron balls striking iron plate surfaces). This can be totally called as frictional energy loss. The process of bouncing continues with frictional loss occurring on each bounce and this effect could be known as damping. Damping means the loss of height on each bounce on a given surface. The damping effect decreases until the ball attains the minimum potential energy. The damping effect influences the speed and so it tends to slow down the ball each time it impacts the surface. To observe this effect experiments were planned to drop large bouncy balls on different surfaces and to note the rebound heights. Preliminary Results Bounce Quality Number Balls used Carpet flooring Wooden flooring 1 Golf Ball Low Medium 2 Tennis Ball Medium Medium 3 Football Low Low 4 Sponge Ball Low Low 5 Cricket Ball Low Low 6 Bouncy Ball Medium High Below are the formulae of different types of energy and work done: Potential Energy: PE = mgh 1) Where, m= mass of the ball (kg) g= acceleration due to gravity () h= height of the bounce(m) Work Done: Wd = F x d -(2) Where,F= Force (N) d = bounce height (m) Also as part of my preliminary work I did some work using a CD Called Science Investigations. This was very useful as I could see how the ball rebound height would differ if I changed the temperature of the ball. The ball being used was a squash ball. The results I gained were as follows (assuming that the drop height was kept the same-1metre): Temperature(i C) Rebound height(cm)Â   (The rebound height was measured from the bottom of the ball. ) As you can see, these results seem fairly realistic and accurate. As the temperature inside the squash ball increased, the rebound height increased. This was the case in all of the tests. Also using this CD I could investigate the different amounts of energy bring used up when a ball bounces. A ball has 100% gravitational potential energy when it is in your hand. As soon as you release it the amount of gravitational potential energy decreases and instead, 100% Kinetic energy is formed. However, when the ball hits the ground there is no kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy. Instead, there is only elastic potential energy and heat/sound energy. After the ball hits the ground, kinetic energy is regained again, but it is not a full 100%, it is only 80%. 20% of the energy was used up as heat/sound energy. So when the ball is caught in your hand again, the gravitational potential energy returns, but there is only 20% of what there previously was, so the ball does not reach its drop height. Safety: To make the experiment safe, I will have to make sure of the following: That the nail that supports the ball is tightly secured in its position. That the balls are used in a proper manner in all situations. The equipment like the clamp and stand are fixed to the workbench securely. To make this test fair I will have to make sure of the following: That the metre rule is straight and not at an angle. That I release the ball from the given point. E. g. Place the bottom of the bouncy ball in line with the one metre mark, the 0. 8 metre mark etc. Just release the ball without adding any extra force. Keep the temperature in the room constant. Make sure that there is very little air movement. Make sure that you have the same experimental conditions for all the three trials. The factor I will be investigating is the height I drop the ball.

The actual experiment Essay Example for Free

The actual experiment Essay Substances, which allow an electric current to flow through them, are called conductors because of their structure. Copper is a good conductor and is used for connecting wires. Nichrome has more resistance and is used in heating elements of electric fires. Some conductors are better than others. Copper is a better conductor than iron. When electrons are moving through the metal structure they bump into the metal ions and this causes resistance to the electron flow or current. In different conductors the ease of the flow of electrons is different and so the conductors have different resistance. Effect of cross sectional area: For a particular conductor the resistance will depend on its length and cross sectional area. The longer the conductor, the further the electrons have to travel, the more likely they are to have collisions with the metal ions and so the greater the resistance. Resistance is proportional to length. The greater the cross sectional area of the conductor, the more electrons available to carry the charge along the conductors length and so lower the resistance is. Resistance is also inversely proportional to the cross sectional area. As cross sectional area increases the resistance decreases. Two wires in series are one long wire, because the electrons have to travel twice as far. Two wires in a parallel are like one thick wire so the electrons have more routes to travel along in the same distance. The amount of current flowing through a circuit can be controlled by, changing the resistance of the circuit. This can be done with a variable resistor or rheostat. Adjusting the rheostat changes the length of the wire the current has to flow through. Variable resistors are commonly used in electrical equipment for example in the speed controls on radios and hi-fi systems. Symbol for a variable resistor (rheostat) Effect of temperature If the resistance of a conductor remains constant then a graph showing voltage plotted against current will give a straight line. The gradient of the line will be the resistance of the conductor. However, the resistance of most conductors changes if the temperature of the conductor changes. This can be explained using a simple model of a conductor. As the temperature increases the metal ions vibrate more therefore provide a greater resistance to the flow of the electrons. The resistance of a filament lamp becomes greater as the voltage is increased and the lamp gets hotter. Planning Aim: To investigate how the length of a wire affects the resistance. Equipment: The longer the wire, the higher the resistance. This is because the longer the wire, the more times the free electrons will collide with other free electrons, the particles making up the metal, and any impurities in the metal. Therefore, more energy is going to be lost in these collisions (as heat). Furthermore, doubling the length of the wire will result in double the resistance. This is because by doubling the length of the wire one is also doubling the collisions that will occur, thus doubling the amount of energy lost in these collisions. Method: The following circuit will be constructed to carry out the investigation. Firstly I will set up the equipment as a shown in the diagram. I will then set the voltage on the power pack to 3v. Then the first crocodile clip is clipped to the wire at the 0cm position on the metre rule. The second crocodile clip is clipped to the relevant position depending on the required length of wire. This length for this experiment will be a 10cm increment each time along the metre ruler, which starts from 0cm to 100cm. We decided to use 10cm intervals then testing each increment to get a more reliable set of results and to have more results to compare. The power supply is turned on. The voltage is then read off the voltmeter, and recorded. The power supply is then turned off and the second crocodile clip is moved to the next position. The above steps will be repeated five times for each length for accuracy Safety: In order to perform a safe experiment, a low voltage of 3V was chosen so that overheating will be kept minimal as much as possible. Furthermore, lengths lower than 10cm were not tried, which also helped to avoid overheating, which will lead to anomalous results. Evaluation I think my investigation did not go as expected because, I discovered many anomalies when I drew up graph. These were at 70, 80, 90, 100cm. They were circled because they did not increase steadily as expected. The reasons these problems may have occurred are as follows: The power pack may have been left off over a long period of time which allows the Nichrome wire the to cool down causing the wire to have less resistance and therefore leading to anomaly results. Perhaps it could have been that the crocodile clips that were attached to the wire may have slipped and become lose therefore not increases the voltage as much as it should be. The length that was measured for that particular distance was incorrect. It is possible that the length was shorter, causing a lower resistance and at a majority of the lengths it is possible that it was causing a higher resistance also leading to anomalous results. We also encountered many difficulties whilst carrying out the experiment such as placing the wire in the 5v hole and then reading the voltage off the line that went up to 15v instead of 5v. So we had to repeat the experiment in order to keep it a fair test. To avoid these errors in the future I would make sure the power pack would stay on for the same amount off time for each length I would do this by timing it. An alternative way of doing the investigation would be to use a data logging system which involves digital voltmeter and ammeter and use wire with a larger diameter therefore the clips will not come off easily. I think this would have gave me a more reliable set of results and it would also be a more efficient way of doing the experiment because more time would be saved. Vivian Okrah Candidate: 9428 Resistance of a wire Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.